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Solutions
At PolarSat, we know each industry has specific communications issues that need to be addressed. With over 25 years of accumulated experience delivering VSAT solutions, we are pleased to continue to develop and offer applications specific to different industries or vertical markets.
Choose from any of the applications below to see how we can help your business become more profitable and responsive to your customers. If your industry isn't yet covered here,contact us to find out how we can help you.
Oil and Gas Exploration:
Satellite telecommunications answers the call
Reliable, cost-effective communications is a must in any industry. Oil and gas exploration is no exception. With drilling sites frequently situated in the middle of the ocean, desert or other equally inaccessible location, a well thought out satellite telecommunications infrastructure can be the answer where more traditional methods of communication are either too costly or inadequate.
Answering the need for reliable, low-cost communications 
Powerful, low-cost VSAT (very small aperture terminal) earth stations have opened remote areas of the world to instant telecommunications. This technology enables governments and businesses to have access to the latest communications services, those that support voice, data and the Internet from remote locations, without being hampered by inadequate terrestrial infrastructure. VSAT networks can be deployed rapidly – usually within two to three months. Once the network is operational, remote sites can be deployed or re-deployed in two weeks and at minimal cost. Furthermore, the use of satellite communications allows bandwidth to be applied to match the applications’ requirements. These inherent features make VSAT communication very attractive for applications such as oil and gas drilling.
The arrangement where all communication passes through the network's hub is called a "Star" configuration, with the hub at the center of the star. "Mesh" VSAT configurations allow for direct communication between remotes without passing through the hub. How is each configuration best used in the oil and gas industry?
Mesh configuration: A mesh network is by definition a decentralized architecture. Each remote site can communicate with any other remote without going through a central hub, thus removing any single point of failure. The system allows this connection among many users sharing a limited "pool" of satellite transponder space. The result is economical and flexible bandwidth sharing with a mix of voice, FAX, video and data traffic.
LUKoil, Russia’s leading oil producer, has a private network using PolarSat’s VSAT Plus II mesh configuration that provides services at 50 sites all over Russia including oil drilling sea shelf platforms. The use of a satellite network as a solution to providing communications to remote sites, many of which are located in the middle of the ocean, enables LUKoil to continue to be a leader in their field. A further benefit of using VSAT technolgy, is the ease and speed of adding new sites. LUKoil has expanded its network twice, which is easy to do with this type of architecture.
In 2001, Schlumberger deployed a VSAT Plus IInetwork (consisting of a hub and 15 remote stations) in Northern Africa. This technology answered a number of Schlumberger’s needs: The remote sites are easily relocated to new drilling sites as the need arises. Furthermore, if required, the network can be expanded by adding more carriers with no hardware change to the remote stations. The mobile station, a VSAT terminal mounted on a truck, is ideal for exploration. And, because of the reliability of the technology, accidents that occur in remote areas can be relayed to headquarters for quick medical response.
Star configuration: In a Star network topology, remote sites are connected to a central hub site. A Star topology can have advantages over full Mesh topology if most of the traffic is destined to the central hub Station. In a Star network, numerous remote stations can use smaller, lower cost RF terminals, taking advantage of a single large antenna terminal at the hub.
PolarSat’s star configuration, FlexiDAMA, provides Bandwidth-On-Demand (BOD). If no data is being sent, the call is taken down. If the data rate is too slow for the IP interface, the system increases the bandwidth. Conversely, if the link is underutilized, the system can reduce the data rate. This rubber banding data rate substantially reduces customer recurring costs.
Connecting offshore platforms to the headquarters is a great application of VSAT technology. A single VSAT remote on each rig provides a connection to the local LAN connection plus INTERNET connectivity for web browsing by the crewmembers. Adding a 4-port Voice over IP gateway provides inexpensive voice connectivity back to the home office.
Quality of Service (QOS) ensures that LAN and VoIP traffic has priority over the less critical Internet surfing. The use of an intelligent VSAT network allows all rigs to share the same satellite bandwidth and reduce space segment charges by 50%, thus often paying for itself in just a few months.
One thing to keep in mind:
When choosing an equipment provider, make sure you find a company who will not only sell you “a box”, but also will :
- Assist with designing the network - tailored to fit your needs
- Offer and assist in the integration of specialized applications and software
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Install and bring the system online
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Provide network support, day or night
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Expand your network, from the hub to countless remotes
PolarSat is such a company based on proven technology, our products provide efficient, secure and reliable transmission of voice, data and video over satellite. With corporate headquarters in Montreal, Canada and a presence in every major international market, PolarSat is able to service customers around the world. |
| Mobile Station
Polarsat offers a fully integrated high performance mobile station based on utility vehicles of your choice. The mobile station fully equipped can transmit and receive high quality live video, transmit up to 2Mb IP data and several voice channels.
Basic equipment for transmission and reception of live video includes one professional digital camera equipped with a zoom lens 14X and accessories, one MPEG II video encoder with a DVB modulator, one BISS encryption unit, one DVB demodulator / MPEG II decoder with a built in BISS decryption module. Additional equipment can be supplied to provide custom functionality for IP base applications or emergency telephony services.

For example the following equipment can be provided for a high performance video application: Equipment includes one PAL sync and test signal generator, one Dual TBC/Frame Synchronizer PAL, one NTSC/PAL waveform/vector rasterizer, one Custom patch panel for RF and A/V monitoring, one Trinitron 14” color monitor, four Trinitron 9” color monitor, three video distribution amplifiers, three video/sub carrier distribution amplifiers, one YC to Composite analog encoder, one 4 channel mono broadcast mixer, one stereo audio monitor amplifier speaker system, two output mono audio distribution amplifiers , one professional digital video tape recorder (VTR1) and one VHS video tape recorder (VTR2).

This equipment is integrated into three standard 19 inch racks. The equipment gives the flexibility of selecting different video/audio sources for recording on the VTR1 and for transmitting over the satellite. Three 9” monitors allow simultaneous monitoring of the camera output, VTR1/VTR2 outputs and IRD signal received from the satellite. The fourth 9” monitor serves as a preview monitor the signals pre-selected for the transmission. The 14” video monitor displays the signal being transmitted over the satellite.
Three four pole push button switches permit routing of video/audio signals. The first switch “Preview” allows preview of the signal from the camera, VTR1, Videoconference or Test Signal before transmission over satellite. The second switch allows routing of the signal from the camera, VTR1, Videoconference or Test Signal to the MPEG-2 Encoder. The third switch is used to select the signal source for recording. VTR2 is provided to allow conversion of digital videotapes to VHS format.
The table below shows the supported connectivity.
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From
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To
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Camera
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VTR1
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Camera
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MPEG-2 Encoder
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Camera
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Video Monitor
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Videoconference
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VTR1
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Videoconference
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MPEG-2 Encoder
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Videoconference
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Video Monitor
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VTR1
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MPEG-2 Encoder
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VTR1
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Video Monitor
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MPEG-2 Decoder
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VTR1
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MPEG-2 Decoder
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Video Monitor
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Test Signal
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Monitor
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Test Signal
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MPEG-2 Encoder
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VTR1
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VTR2
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VTR2
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Video Monitor
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| Air Traffic Control
Navigation Aeronav International, a technology manufacturer and contractor in the field of navigational aids and aeronautical telecommunications, has chosen PolarSat as its provider of a complete VSATPlus II satellite communications system in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This initial network links six airports (Kinshasa, Lubumbashi, Mbuji-Mayi, Mbandaka, Ilebo, Kamina). All points are set up to support voice communications (ATC controllers to ATC controllers and ATC controllers to pilots via VHF radios) and data communications (AFTN messaging, Intranet LAN). All of these services will use a standard frame relay protocol. The network will be expanded to more than 15 stations.
SCT Seneam, Mexico’s airspace navigation service, continues to upgrade its satellite communications network, utilizing the VSATPlus II satellite communications system. Seneam’s network links all the major airports in Mexico, among them Guadalajara, Mexico City, Monterrey, Mazatlán and Cancun. All points are set up for transmission of radar information, telecommunication with pilots via VHF radio, as well as the transmission of data, fax and telephony.
The VSATPlus II provides a full mesh, hubless network with no single point of failure and offers the greatest ease of network configuration and expansion. It supports the most demanding network applications including high quality voice, low and high-speed data, video conferencing and fax - all in a single low-cost, integrated platform. Combined with the unique direct E1 telephony and Frame Relay interface, the VSATPlus II is the most cost-effective satellite communications solution for multi-line and/or multi-application networks in the world.
Figure 1 shows a typical VSATPlus II network configuration.
One last thing to keep in mind:
When choosing an equipment provider, make sure you find a company who will not only sell you “a box”, but also will
- Assist with designing the network - tailored to fit your needs
- Offer and assist in the integration of specialized applications and software
- Install and bring the system online
- Provide network support, day or night
- Expand your network, from the hub to countless remotes
PolarSat is such a company. Based on proven technology, our products provide efficient, secure and reliable transmission of voice, data and video over satellite. With corporate headquarters in Montreal, Canada and a presence in every major international market, PolarSat is able to service customers around the world. |

GSM Backhaul over Satellite
As cellular networks evolve and expand, there is an increasing demand from users to have ubiquitous coverage. To satisfy these needs, service providers must deploy equipment into ever more challenging areas. Difficulties facing the operators can include;
- Remote/Rural Areas. To service remote areas, it is often economically unfeasible to provide backhaul facilities (BTS to BSC) via terrestrial lines (fiber/microwave).
- Time to deploy. Terrestrial build-outs can take years to plan and implement.
- Areas of ‘minor’ interest. These can include small isolated centers such as tourist resorts, islands, mines, oil exploration sites, hydro-electric facilities, etc.
- Temporary Coverage. Special events, even in urban areas, can overload the existing infrastructure.
This paper presents the advantages of using satellite-based solutions to augment traditional terrestrial infrastructure in supporting the build-out of cellular networks.
GSM Overview
The following diagram depicts the major components and subsystems in a typical GSM cellular network.
Figure 1: GSM Network Architecture

There are two areas where it can be advantageous to use satellite-based communications links: the Abis interface (interconnecting the BSC with multiple BTSs) and the A interface (interconnecting the MSC with multiple BSCs). The Abis interface is the key air interface in the Access portion of the network. The A interface is the primary interface within the Core portion of the network. These two interfaces have different characteristics and requirements which necessitate different solutions to optimize their performance over satellite. PolarSat has a cost-effective solution for both Access and the Core.
Access Network Using FlexiDAMA
Figure 2 shows the GSM network of Figure 1, with the Abis interface circled for clarity. A typical Base Station Controller (BSC) will have links to multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS). The Abis interface consists of voice and data traffic, signaling information and provides synchronization information from the BSC to the BTS.
Figure 2: The Abis Interface within the GSM Network

The simple but inefficient way to support these interfaces used to be to put in SCPC modems. However, these provide fixed rate, static links with little or no M&C capabilities. Due to dynamic traffic loads within BTS cell sites, there is an opportunity to share the satellite bandwidth, thus dramatically reducing the overall cost of providing the Abis links over satellite. Network solutions with Demand-Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA) capabilities are a must and ones that can efficiently provide single satellite hop connectivity are highly desirable. PolarSat’s FlexiDAMA product is ideally suited to providing such an optimal solution.
A FlexiDAMA network consists of a centralized Hub and various classes and sizes of remotes. The remote terminals are either multi-channel mesh/star FlexiDAMA terminals, or single carrier star-only SkyIP terminals. The FlexiDAMA/SkyIP terminals provide a powerful and efficient satellite link, taking advantage of DAMA and true BOD algorithms to match the occupied satellite bandwidth with the current load on the various Abis interfaces. To condition the Abis signals into IP format, FlexiDAMA/SkyIP equipment is integrated with backhaul optimizing equipment from such industry leading vendors as Memotec, Cisco, or others.
Advanced Features of FlexiDAMA for GSM Access Networks
- Direct packet data interface (IP on 10BaseT Ethernet).
- DAMA – inactive voice circuits will cause a minimization of assigned satellite bandwidth to that particular BTS station.
- BOD – as additional voice circuits become active at a BTS, more bandwidth will be assigned to the link, thus matching the satellite resource to the actual demand.
- Multiple mini-star topology. Each FlexiDAMA terminal at a BSC site acts as a mini-Hub for a group of SkyIP terminals at the associated BTS sites. Overall network management, timing and control exist at the Satellite Hub which may be at a different location.
Core Network Using VSATPlus II
Figure 3 shows the same generic GSM network architecture diagram, but this time the A interface is circled. This is the link between BSCs and the MSC (or possibly between BSCs). This link is typically a non-compressed full E1 span and the signaling scheme invoked on this link is vendor specific.
Figure 3: The A Interface within the GSM Network

Connectivity at the A interface may be star, mesh or a hybrid of the two. User traffic between BSCs does not have to route through an MSC. If these A links are being carried over a satellite communication network, it is highly desirable for direct BSC to BSC connectivity, thus requiring the satellite network to satisfy full mesh connectivity.
PolarSat’s VSATPlus II product line provides a full mesh network solution and a direct E1 interface. The E1 interface may be connected directly to the BSC/MSC equipment or pass through a signaling converter, depending upon the interface. Key features of the VSATPlus II solution include:
- Integrated voice encoding (16/24/32 kbps) and G.165 echo cancellation.
- Full mesh, single hop connectivity.
- DAMA operation, thus sharing satellite bandwidth amongst a group of sites.
- Partial/Fractional/E1 operation for thick-route trunks between major sites.
- Embedded MFC/R2 and DTMF signaling, providing a standard interface to a variety of switch vendors.
- Transparent C7/SS7 operation, whereby the signaling channel is sent in TS16 and any number of telephony trunks are linked between two sites.
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